Bela Crkva Karanska (White Church of Karan)

Bela Crkva Karanska (The White Church of Karan) is located near the town of Užice, and it is dedicated to the Annunciation of the Holy Virgin. The church was erected during the fourth decade of the 14 th century and soon after adorned with frescoes through efforts of Župan Petar Brajan – the squire of King Dušan, his wife Struja and their four daughters. The endeavour of this noble family was supported by several other donors, however, the only historical documents of their existence, as well as Župan Brajan’s and his family, are portraits painted in this church. The church is a domed, single-nave temple with three bays, while its modest proportions are enshrouded by the later adjoined narthex. The facades of the Bela Crkva are simple, without any decorative elements, covered with mortar and whitewashed. Furthermore, the division of the internal space of the church, frescoes, as well as the considerably lower floor level, gives the impression of more elaborate structure.

Bela Crkva houses a very well preserved masonry sanctuary screen that is decorated with frescoes on both sides. In accordance with the dedication of the church, together with the usual iconographic program of wall paintings, the extended cycle of the life of Holy Virgin has also been depicted in the Karan church.

An outstanding feature of the fresco ensemble of Bela Ckva is the gallery of numerous and significant portraits of historical figures. In the western bay, members of the Nemanjić reigning family – Saint Simeon, Saint Sava, King Milutin are represented, as well as the rulers of the time, King Dušan and Queen Jelena. Next to the portraits of the royal couple is a damaged figure of a little boy who barely reaches up to King Dušan’s thighs, identified by some scholars as the young prince Uroš, the son of King Dušan. This leads to conclusion that church was painted after Dušan and Jelena got married (1332), and after their son, Uroš, was born (1337). According to this interpretation, the frescoes in the church were completed before 1346, as the Greek lands, included in Serbian royal titulature in 1343, are not mentioned in the inscription accompanying the portrait of King Dušan.

Also, as the little boy is not painted in the costume of young king, the wall painting of the Karan church must have been carried out before 1342/1343, the year he became a young king. However, the recent reexamination of the terminus ante quem of Karan frescoes, as well as the identity of the little boy support the claim that young prince Uroš could not be depicted without inevitable nimbus. Thus the young boy painted next to the King and Queen is more likely to be a young page or sward-bearer.

Several other interesting and noteworthy portraits are painted in different parts of the church. In the ktetorial (founders’ composition), Župan Petar Brajan – with the Karan church in his hand – his wife Struja, and their four daughters, are represented in a quite prominent position facing the portraits of the Nemanjić family.

Unfortunately, the painters of Bela Crkva remain unknown. Their skills, however, indicate that they accepted iconographic and stylistic innovations of the time, and were well informed about contemporary cultural and artistic trends, which enabled them to create elaborate iconographic program and to accomplish some distinctive and vibrant artistic solutions.

Selected bibliography

1. M. Kašanin, Bela crkva Karanska, Beograd 1928, 115–221.
2. S. Radojčić, Portreti srpskih vladara u srednjem veku, Skoplje 1934, 50–51.
3. S. Radojčić, Staro srpsko slikarstvo, Beograd 1966, 142–143.
4. G. Babić, Portret kraljevića Uroša u Beloj crkvi karanskoj, Zograf 2 (1967) 17–19.
5. V. J. Djurić, Vizantijske freske u Jugoslaviji, Beograd 1974, 62, 211.
6. S. Mandić, Ktitorka iz Bele crkve karanske, in: Drevnik, Beograd 1975, 116–120.
7. S. Mandić, Župan Brajan iz Karana, in: Črte i reze, Beograd 1981, 189–196.
8. Istorija Titovog Užica, Titovo Užice 1989, 135–147 (G. Tomović).
9. I. М. Djordjević, Zidno slikarstvo srpske vlastele u doba Nemanjića, Beograd 1994, 140–143.
10. D. Vojvodić, O živopisu Bele crkve karanske i suvremenom slikarstvu Raške, Zograf 31 (2006–2007) 135–151.